5/26/2023 0 Comments Minion masters codes august 2019The resulting real-time genomic information on evolutionary rates and epidemiological trends revealed frequent transmission across the Guinea border, which informed subsequent disease control measures. For instance, during the Ebola crisis in West Africa in 2015, genome sequencing of the virus was carried out in situ on the first portable genome sequencer, the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION sequencer. The value of portable genomic-based diagnostics and surveillance was first illustrated during emergent human health outbreaks. These emerging, data-driven, PoC diagnostic tools have the potential to rapidly track shifting pathogen populations in near real-time, providing copious genetic information at the strain level that can be used in early warning systems and disease forecasting. In the past two decades, the genomics revolution has led to technologies that can rapidly generate genome-scale genetic information to define individual variants of a pathogen species. The capacity to distinguish between individuals in a pathogen population with specific properties such as fungicide resistance, toxin production and virulence profiles is often essential to inform disease management approaches. Both serological and DNA-based methods typically require high initial financial investments and specialised expertise to develop new assays, are limited in sample capacity, frequently are not reliable at the asymptomatic stage, and provide limited information beyond the species level. In addition, following a flurry of PCR-based diagnostic tests in the 1980s, the advent of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay at the turn of the twenty-first century provided the first rapid nucleic acid amplification method to accurately diagnose pathogens in situ in real time. Polyclonal and monoclonal antisera are frequently used to detect plant pathogens using techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunostrip assays and immunoblotting. Recent alternative approaches have focused on serological and nucleic acid assays. These factors limit their utility in PoC diagnosis. ![]() Unfortunately, these conventional methods tend to be subjective, time-consuming, labour-intensive and reliant on specialised expertise and equipment, providing only limited phenotypic information. At present, conventional plant disease diagnostics rely on visible inspections of disease symptoms followed by basic laboratory tests through culturing and pathogenicity assays. PoC diagnostics involve portable equipment that can be used in-field to rapidly confirm disease outbreaks and provide actionable information. Rapid and accurate point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics facilitate early intervention during plant disease outbreaks and enable disease management decisions that limit the spread of plant health threats. ![]() Generating results within 48 h of field sampling, this new strategy has far-reaching implications for tracking plant health threats. MARPLE diagnostics enables rapid identification of individual pathogen strains and has the potential to monitor those with specific properties such as fungicide resistance directly from field-collected infected plant tissue in situ. tritici ( Pst), we demonstrate that our approach can be used to rapidly define individual strains, assign strains to distinct genetic lineages that have been shown to correlate tightly with their virulence profiles and monitor genes of importance. Focusing on the wheat yellow rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. ![]() We used targeted sequencing to overcome limitations associated with the size of fungal genomes and their often obligately biotrophic nature. Here, we describe the development of Mobile And Real-time PLant disEase (MARPLE) diagnostics, a portable, genomics-based, point-of-care approach specifically tailored to identify individual strains of complex fungal plant pathogens. However, their application to complex fungal pathogens has remained limited due to the frequent inability to culture these pathogens in the absence of their host and their large genome sizes. The genomics revolution has led to technologies that can rapidly produce high-resolution genotypic information to define individual variants of a pathogen species. Effective disease management depends on timely and accurate diagnosis to guide control measures.
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